Zitat:
Zitat von Sahara
.... zudem enthält es auch noch Arachidonsäure (fördert Entzündungsprozesse).
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Das wird zwar ständig überall behauptet (besonders gerne in Vegetarierkreisen), es stimmt aber so nicht. Chris Masterjohn hat in seinen umfangreichen Artikeln zu mehrfach-ungesättigten Fetten den Mythos der Schädlichkeit von Arachidonsäure schon mehrfach entzaubert. Aus Arachidonsäure werden verschiedene Eicosanoide hergestellt, die unterschiedliche Funktionen im Körper erfüllen. Nicht alle Eicosanoide, die aus Arachidonsäure hergestellt werden, sind entzündungsfördernd. In seinem PUFA-Report schreibt Chris, dass die Störung des Arachidonsäurestoffwechsels durch EPA aus Fischöl nicht nur entzündungshemmend wirke, sondern eben auch zahlreiche dieser für den menschlichen Körper wichtigen Funktionen des Arachidonsäurestoffwechsels störe und so zu Problemen führen könne. Eine dieser Funktionen ist z.B., dass Arachidonsäure vor einem immunvermittelten Abbau von Darmzotten schützt und so gegen Nahrungsmittelintoleranzen und -allergien vorbeugen kann.
Zitat:
I am having a discussion with someone offlist about
the possible role of EPA from fish oil and cod liver oil causing
dietary intolerances. We've looked at some studies showing that in
mice, inhibitors of the COX2 enzyme, which converts the omega-6
arachidonic acid into hormone metabolites, cause massive villous
atrophy when administered with egg protein, but egg protein causes no
symptoms without the COX2 inhibitors. (Examples of this drug include
all NSAIDs -- aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxyn, etc, as well as the
COX2-specific newer drugs).
Turns out that arachidonic acid is necessary for sealing the tight
junctions in the intestines and preventing immune-mediated villous
atrophy.
But the omega-3 EPA antagnoizes the conversion of arachidonic acid
(AA) to those metabolites, so in high doses it's probably doing the
same thing as the COX2 inhibitor drugs, and leading to food
intolerance.
Many of us have used a lot more cod liver oil than Price considered
safe -- 3/4 tsp per day, in combination with 3/4 teaspoon of butter
oil. His use of generous organ meats and butter in the diet may have
provided sufficient omega-6 arachidonic acid to balance the omega-3
EPA in the cod liver oil.
By far and away the best source of AA is brain. Fish-eating cultures
that Price studied ate FISH HEADS. Which one of us, after switching
to NT, has eaten most of our fish with the heads on?
Yahoo! Groups
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Arachidonsäure ist aber auch wichtig für den Muskelaufbau und für's Immunsystem:
Zitat:
Anyway, Ori is critical about the possibility of excessive omega-3 intake and
in fact even has an entire chapter on the benefits of arachidonic acid (AA).
His position is basically that the idea that there are "bad fats" and "good
fats" is based on a desire to make health into a drama rather than science, and
what is needed is balance. While he doesn't focus on the need for saturated
fats versus MUFA or PUFA, he effectively adovacates high-SFA foods. His
primary focus is on the anabolic effects of AA.
Ori's position on ratios is that people with insulin resistance or
inflammatory problems should maintain an n-6 to n-3 ratio of 1:1, but athletes
and
bodybuilders should maintain a n-6 to n-3 ratio of 5:1. The n-6s should come
primarily from sources of arachidonic acid, such as egg yolks, dairy, and meat,
rather than sources of linoleic acid, as well as possible supplements of GLA
oils. There are two good reasons for this, but he only mentions one. He
doesn't
note the possible problem of high linoleic acid interfering with n-3
conversions by crowding out of the desaturase enzymes. His reason is linoleic
acid is
less readily converted to AA due to enzyme inefficiencies.
His position is that AA is only harmful if one is deficient in n-3s and their
prostaglandin derivatives, but under normal circumstances AA and its
eicosanoid derivatives are beneficial to health and vital to anabolic activity.
He
recommends that most SADers would need to supplement with some long-chain n-3s,
but warns not to be excessive enough to interfere with AA synthesis and
release, and reccommends tailoring your diet/supplements to your needs, with the
ratios listed above according to lifestyle.
n-3's inhibit growth, and inhibit the mobilization of fatty acids from
adipose tissue for energy. n-3's inhibit adrenal hormones that stimulate cAMP
by
acting as beta-blockers and have the potential to have the side-effects that
beta-blockers do such as decreased libido and impaired sexual performance, if
they are taken in excess without care to AA intake.
AA prostaglandins activate growth-mediating proteins including heat shock
proteins, mitogen-activiated protein kinases, and enzymes that stimulate
anabolic
steroid hormones. AA stimulates cytokines, interleukins, and tumor necrosis
factor, which have strong immunoprotective effects.
"Regardless of what you might have heard about the dangers of eating meat,
including high cholesterol and bad fats, meat was and still is the food of
choice for overall potency and muscle power. The so-called bad fat in meat is
partially responsible for its potent anabolic properties. Foods rich in
arachidonic acids (AA), such as eggs and dairy products, should therefore also
be
considered most beneficial for the purpose of muscle gain."
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Bodybuilder wissen das schon lange und führen sich sogar Arachidonsäure als Ergänzungsmittel zu. Siehe z.B. dieses Produkt:
Molecular Nutrition X-Factor 250 Mg 100
Arachidonsäure spielt auch eine wichtige Rolle in der Fruchtbarkeit des Mannes und bei der Einleitung der Wehen am Ende der Schwangerschaft. Endocannabinoide, die aus Arachidonsäure hergestellt werden, schützen vor Glutamat-Toxizität (durch Übererregung von Nervenzellen) im Gehirn. Irgendwo habe ich auch mal gelesen, dass Arachidonsäure sogar gut für die Haare sein soll. Leider finde ich die entsprechende Stelle nicht mehr. Hier aber noch ein interessanter Blogeintrag von Chris:
Is Farm-Raised Tilapia Really Bad News?
Ich sehe den hohen Arachidonsäuregehalt von bestimmten tierischen Lebensmitteln - besonders reich sind z.B. Eier und Leber - nicht mehr als Nachteil an, sondern eher sogar als Vorteil, weil es eben u.a. den Muskelaufbau unterstützen kann.